Taking A Standard Level Of Education Essay - 1906 Words

During the 1900’s, corporal punishment was well known and often used to punish and teach children effectively. Philosophers like John Locke express insightful views about forcing a child to learn, rather than allowing the child to freely do so at his or her own pace. Imagine two children learning the same topic of mathematics. One child is introduced to mathematics through counting apples and pears and is allowed to eat the fruits afterwards, whereas the other child is forced to learn mathematics through textbooks with minimum visualization and finds no fun in doing so. The child who is counting through fruits is getting positive feedback because of his ability to quickly catch on and the child who is learning through a textbook is gaining negative feedback because of the complicated material that does not allow for him to grasp the concept or freely make mistakes. Forcing children to learn what they need to in order to keep up a standard level of education for each age group (like the textbook example) can negatively affect the child, their wellbeing, and their self-esteem. When a child is forced to learn unwillingly, he may grow resentful towards members of authority and fear failure, hindering his social skills. A balance between leading the child through encouragement towards the right direction and allowing him to explore his options will help the child to grow up happy and to create a positive impact on the current society. Children are delicate beings, who are easyShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of An Education Accountability System1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of an education accountability system is to focus school leaders and teachers on helping more of their students gain the skills and knowledge that they need for success in life and as citizens. At the elementary school level, while there continue to be disagreements over methods, there is no argument about the need for all students to be proficient in reading, writing and mathematics. Though we have a long way to go, we have seen progress: as a result of standards and testing regimesRead MoreCommon Core Standards Should Be Just1460 Words   |  6 PagesCommon Core Standards Should Be Just That: Common Common means to share something mutually, why do people find it so difficult to share? Share one’s feeling? No! Share one’s ideas? Not that either. No one wants to even share a set of benchmarks. The common core standards are only a set of benchmarks to assure students are learning fundamentals at the right grade level. Yes, they are a work in progress but nothing was perfect in the beginning. While some states have decided against the commonRead MoreWide Range Of Developing Academic Study Skills900 Words   |  4 Pageshigh expectations in Higher Education, developing a range of effective study skills and strategies, is an absolute necessity to fulfil any criteria! Of course revising is a beneficial accolade, both on subject matter and examination preparation. Most students, successful academic students, have developed their own study strategies for examinations and academic writing (Lengefield, 1994). However, revising alone, is just not enough. Developing study skills in note taking, critical thinking, structuringRead MoreAcc 11410 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Jasmine Travis BUS3061 Professor Jerry Thomas July 17, 2014 1. Question 1: Proficient-level: There are several important functions performed in an organization, among which accounting is one of them. Define the accounting function and discuss how it differs from double-entry bookkeeping. Accountants analyze and interpret financial information, prepare financial statements, conduct audits, design accounting systems, prepare special business and financial studies, prepare forecasts and budgetsRead MoreLanguage Assessment And Language Proficiency816 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage Assessment and Language Proficiency Standard There are three main goals in teaching English as a second language. These goals are: To use English to communicate in social settings, to use English to achieve academically in all content areas and to use English in socially and culturally appropriate ways (Short, 2000). With these goals in mind, language proficiency standards (LPS) have been developed to help insructors achieve the highest level of ESL instruction. The Educate AmericaRead MoreThe Analytical And Intuitive Thinking927 Words   |  4 Pageswill be looking at the trends at each level over the course of six years, 2006-2011, but intuition and logic will help us connect the missing pieces as to what the data is stating and why that is the case. Math Performance and Gender Below you will see a snapshot of the data and a link to the interactive report to see the percentage of students from grades third to eighth that fall in each of the levels of proficiency in their particular math level. All Levels of NYC Math Scores for Grades 3-8 byRead MoreAmerican Education System Essay930 Words   |  4 Pages An Overview of the American Education System No matter the profession one intends to pursue, a GOOD education plays a vital role in preparing students for the future. Adolescents learn through a variety of styles: conventional classroom teaching, extracurricular activities, friendships, and other methods. While teenagers gain valuable knowledge in terms of general information through personal hobbies, an educational institute most consistently acts as a source of academic instruction. However,Read MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Be Completely Honest, I Do Not Know About Standardized Test1363 Words   |  6 Pageselementary and junior high. I knew that I would not be receiving a letter grade on these tests. I remember never stressing about taking the test. To be honest if I did not understand the question I was the kid that just made a design on the answer sheet. I absolutely was not aware of the reasoning or purpose of tests. As a parent, I see my kids stress out about taking the standardize test. As a parent this concerns me. I don t know about you, I don t want my kiddo stressing out about a standardizeRead MoreA Balanced and Affordable Education for All669 Words   |  3 PagesMost educators and parents desire an educational system where all students receive a balanced education that will afford all students the ability to compete in our ever changing society. Students who live in low-income environments and attend poor school are at the highest risk of not being properly educated. This is partly due to lack of funding for schools in economically challenged environments, and the inability for those poor schools to afford highly qualified teachers. Much controversy stemsRead MoreCareer And Technical Education Program1499 Words   |  6 PagesInterest in Career and Technical Education programs as well as Career and Technical Student Organizations has heightened over the past ten years (Wood, 2006 ; 2012). When I was a high school sophomore, I sat in an Introductory Accounting course taught by a gruff teacher named Edward Key. While everyone else complained and fussed at learning the Accounting Equation of Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity, I hung on every debit and credit and soon discovered that my love of numbers and financial

Children Should Be Punished For Their Children Essay

As children get older and more curious, they often tend to find themselves in a bit of trouble. For parents, choosing the way in which they should punish their children can be a challenge. Some parents believe that spanking their children is the best approach. Other parents, however, believe that spanking their child is not correct and can cause problems for the child. That being said, for the most part, parents can agree that children need some sort of discipline. They may not agree on the exact way children should be punished, but most would agree that children need to be punished for their wrong doings. One way to avoid this conflict would be to simply allow parents to punish their children however they see fit. Instead of insisting that one parent knows better than the other, they should allow one another to punish their child the way they choose. To add to that, punishment can only go so far before it becomes abuse, in which case someone needs to step in. To add to that, educati ng parents on abuse, and how a child will respond to certain forms of punishment is another way to solve the problem. Some parents believe that spanking children is not the way to go about punishing them. â€Å"Spanking doesn t make kids behave better right away and it leads to worse behavior in the long run, said Gers off, an associate professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. And spanked kids are more likely to be aggressive and antisocial,† (Marcus).Show MoreRelatedChild Prostitution Should Not Be Punished For Their Children767 Words   |  4 Pageschild prostitution run through your mind? No? How about having your rights and innocence completely stripped away from you? About ten million children are involved in prostitution worldwide (B.Willis, 2002), with India consisting of one million child prostitutes; forty percent the country’s total prostitution population (CNN, 2009). In most cases, children are kidnapped and forced into prostitution or take part in what is known as â€Å"survival sex† to provide basic needs for their family. But whatRead MoreMissing Children: Should Parents Be Punished?3357 Words   |  14 PagesThe word â€Å"missing child† often calls to mind of tragic and frightening incident as it was always reported in the national news. Stories about missing children, especially those abducted, have always tugged at the heartstrings of all Malaysians. A total of 5996 children went missing from homes since 2004. Although most of them were found, 1904 still remain missing (Pakiam, 2007). Lately, all the Malaysians are in shock over the death of Nurin Jazlin Jazimin and had recalled the tragic that happenedRead MoreDo You Think Parents Should Be Punished for the Crimes Their Teenage Children Commit?744 Words   |  3 PagesDo you think parents should be punished for the crimes their teenage children commit? 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The parents are mostly held responsible for the crime their children committed, especially when their kids are fined or when calledRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished1141 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’Read MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished1125 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’Read MoreThe Case Against Spanking By Brendan L. Smith910 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribed that physical abuse and spanking can lead to some serious effects in children. Physical punishment can lead to aggression, antisocial behavior, and other negative effects physically and emotionally. The research and studies have found evidence of abuse to children in short-terms and long-terms. The physical discipline has been viewed as a violation of Children’s Human Rights. Physical punishment of children became a taboo in 30 countr ies this legal ban is used only as public education toolsRead MoreA Child With Adult Consequences Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesexpected to abide by the laws and if they do not there are consequences to follow. Some punishments can be as little as a monetary fine, or as detrimental as life imprisonment. Today, some children face these exact consequences depending on their actions. Certain children are held accountable for their actions and punished as adults in an adult courtroom depending on the offense and the jurisdiction. According to Youth Justice (2012), â€Å"On any given day, approximately 2,700 young people are locked up inRead MoreMovie Review : Taare Zameen Essay1697 Words   |  7 Pagesat the world through the eyes of innocent children. It is all about the way a child looked up by his teachers, parents and fellow students. Should teaching in schools be just limited to teaching academic lessons or extended to anything beyond that which makes an improvement in stude nts either academically or mentally? Is it acceptable for parents forcing their children to do a task which they can’t? Should studying be based on one’s peer interest or should it be done as a job with lot of expectationsRead MoreIs Corporal Punishment Effective? Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pageswith a thick stick. He continually hits everywhere from the students’ hips to the head harshly without a hesitation. This video is opened to the public by a student in the class posting it on the Internet. According to the other students, they were punished because they skipped class when the school inspectors came. All the people who looked at it on the Internet were surprised to see this kind of behavior. Recently, we’ve heard a lot on the media about punishment by teachers in school. Some people

Analysis of Federal Taxation Laws and their Effects

Question: Analyze tax laws. How does tax law effect the individual tax payer? Answer: Introduction The development of this paper is based on delivering key information for the purpose of establishing knowledge and suitable understanding by concentrating on the CCHs Federal Taxation for the 2016 edition. In this paper, the first and second level tax course comprising of the comprehensive topic created by the teachers will be discussed to be able to offer the comprehensive one-volume coverage regarding the different important principles and concepts existing in the federal taxation. The overall process is dedicated to secure a solid grounding through the way of providing the clear and precise explanation related to the different key federal taxation concepts within the framework of present day taxation procedures and practices (Brownlee, 1996). The overall paper is also developed in such a basis to provide necessary balance between the different key taxation models and different approaches made by the top taxation teachers of present day situation through the way of covering both pl anning and compliance. With the involvement of the established purposes of the paper, the overall paper has been constructed by considering two major categorisations regarding the distribution of the key concepts and information (Burman, Gale Weiner, 1998). One part of the paper will concentrate on analysis of some major federal taxation laws by making the proper identification, and another part of the paper will deal with the possible outcomes on the basis of the impacts of the major taxation laws on the individual tax payers. Thus, these major two objectives of the paper will be accomplished in the critical and straightforward manner to be able to reach for the proper conclusion related to the chosen topic. Analysis of Federal Taxation Laws and their Effects The laws related to the taxation itself generate different kinds of concepts related to the particular field of frameworks. In this case, it should need to mention that the tax expenditures are explained in the first place due to the reason that the factor should need to be provided the proper importance (Cummings, 2010). The significance of the tax expenditure suggests the revenue losses after the tax deductions, many forms of credits, and some other types of tax benefits. Tax expenditures always depend on the relevant tax code and based on the scenario, tax expenditure is used to provide the incentives or disincentives in terms of the different types of behaviours through the tax code. Secondly, the discussion should need to be carried on by concentrating on the capital gains as there is the involvement of high amount of on-going debates surrounding the basic treatment of the preferred tax in the field of this type of income to the individuals (Hudson Lind, 1998). Apart from the c apital gains, the tax consequences of marriage related ceremonies should also need to be prioritised due to the reducing rate of the marriage tax penalties (and increasing rate of bonus) in the recent years. It is a matter of fact that an event like marriage can possibly change the tax liability of the couple with the application of the relevant tax related rules or implications (King, 1994). Lastly, the discussion should need to be formed on the basis of covering the tax deferral and depreciation for the purpose of conducting the review as the changes in these tax rules provide the broad implications to the tax liability of the individual tax payers. Not only the individual tax payers, but also it should need to be remembered that the business organizations are largely influenced by the different changes in the taxations rules as these have their respective impact of the tax liability which can possibly enhance the firm or affect the overall competitiveness. Tax Expenditures As stated earlier that tax expenditures are treated as the revenue loss appeared from the tax deductions, different types of tax benefits, or credit (Markowitz Grossman, 1998). In this case, one particular example of The Joint Committee on Taxation can be referenced as the committee is responsible to list the possible revenue losses from the mentioned tax provisions by considering the functional spending categories. (The largest tax expenditures for individuals) According to the provided table, the top individual tax expenditures are highlighted in the clear and precise order as these ten different types of expenditure categories are accounted for a total of 70% tax expenditures that are spend by the individuals. In this case, it should need to mention that the total individual tax expenditure for the year ending 2013 was $1,140 billion. The particular amount was estimated individually while this was not precisely correct to add up all the tax expenditures as these have some specific interactive effects (Rose, 1983). Considering this particular fact, these effects provide some important notions related to the magnitude of these provisions. Within the same year, i.e. the amount regarding the individual income tax was projected to be $1,264 billion. Therefore, this particular example proves that the portion of tax expenditures is relatively large in terms of the total amount of tax receipts. Considering the particular discussion, it should also need to be noted that the revenue effects of the provisions on a cash flow basis are measured by the tax expenditure. This important acknowledgement leads to the fact that the overall concept may not reflect the true benefit provided to the individual tax payer (Smith Harmelink, 2002). Here the benefits may arise from the involvement of the deferral of taxes. Capital Gains The definition of capital gains under the current taxation system suggests that the capital gains or loss can be occurred only from the involvement of selling or transaction of capital assets. The particular transaction or sale will produce the capital gains only if the asset is sold for a price bettering off its acquisition price. Also, on the other hand, a capital loss will occur only if the capital asset is sold at a lower price than its acquisition price. Considering the universal taxation system, the capital assets can be of two different types; one is the long-term asset and the other is the short-term asset (Smith Harmelink, 2003). According to the current taxation framework, a capital asset retained more than a period of 12 months is considered to be the long-term capital asset. On the other hand, a capital asset held for 12 months or less than the mentioned period is known to be the short-term capital asset. Considering the 1998 changes, the effect regarding the holding per iod of the capital asset is implied, as the holding time period is reduced to 12 months for designing the treatments related to the long or short-term capital gains (Smith, 2000). In this case, it is worth to mention that a different taxation treatment is followed for the long-term capital gains and a regular treatment regarding the income tax rate is carried on in case of the short-term capital gains. Now while considering the taxation laws related to the capital gains tax, the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA) in 2003 had reduced the minimum tax rate on the long-term capital gains income for the purpose of providing facilities to the individual tax payers. The further analysis on this particular law has suggested that the minimum tax rate on the capital gains income will be charged at 0% from 2008 through 2010 for the individuals who remain in the tax bracket of 10% and 15% (Smith, 1994). On the other hand, the actions and the implications of JGTRRA have proposed the capital gains tax rate of 15% for those taxpayers whose marginal income tax brackets slightly exceeding the 15% tax rate bracket. Also, it is mandatory to mention that these proposals will be applicable for the individual tax payers whose capital assets are sold or transacted on or before May 6, 2003, and before the time period of January 1, 2009. However the involvement of Tax Increase Preventio n and Reconciliation Act of 2006 has extended the reduced tax rate on the income from capital gains through 2010 (Smith Harmelink, 2005). Also, it can be noticed that the further involvement of The Tax Relief, Unemployment Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 has further extended the particular period to 2012 for the reduced charges of income tax rate on the capital gains. Considering the scenario of America, the effective participation of the American Taxpayer Relief Act (ATRA) has permanently extended the reduced income tax rate on the income achieved from the capital gains for most of individual tax payers. Also the top rate of tax related to the long-term capital gains can be observed in an increasing rate from 15% to 20% for the single taxpayers whose taxable incomes are above $400,000 (Smith, Harmelink Hasselback, 2015). This particular taxable income amount varies to the married couples and head of the household filter with $450,000 and $425,000 respectively. In the beginning of 2013, it will be subjected to a 3.4% tax rate on the net investment income for the taxpayers with the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) above $200,000. And the same amount of income increases to $250,000 for the married couple filing their income tax jointly. This particular scenario related to the $200,000 and $250,000 threshold are not adjusted by the council due to the involvement of the inflation (Smith, Harmelink, Hasselback Englebrecht, 2009). Here, it should need to mention that the net investment income is comprised of different factors including the taxable amount of income from capital gains, as well as dividends, rents, royalties, non-qualified annuities, and interest. Also, it should need to mention that the implication of Heath Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 has enacted the unearned income Medicare contribution tax in the process. Considering the particular taxation effects, different kinds of arguments have raised between the economists from various backgrounds. They have argued that the lock-in effect will reduce significantly by the impact of lowering the tax rates on capital gains which will result in the free flow of capitals to the different places where these can be used in the effective manner (Smith, Harmelink, Hasselback Englebrecht, 2014). Therefore, the basic extract of these arguments has suggested that more capital gains realisations will be extracted due to the reducing tax rates of capital gains and the process will potentially offset some of the cost of cutting the capital gains taxes. Also, it is natural that there is the presence of considerable uncertainty related to the magnitude of unlocking effect. Therefore, it is suggested that the lock-in could be reduced by the way of taxing the incomes from capital gains on the accrual basis as an effective alternative to the reduced tax rate of ca pital gains. This particular proposal is exactly opposing to the current taxation system where the taxes on capital gains are charged when the income is realised. Also, another alternative can be taxing the capital gains which are passed on at death (Smith, Harmelink, Hasselback Englebrecht, 2011). With the help of the particular explanation, it can be arguably understandable that these particular alternatives may generate the required solutions but they can possibly face the number of technical challenges. Also the concept behind taxing capital gains at the death is highly unpopular. Additionally, the particular understanding has also been gathered out of the research that some arguments are made that the increased amount of savings and investment can be inflicted by the reduced tax rates of capital gains. This particular process can alternatively stimulate the economic growth of the community (Stein, 1994). Also, it is highly difficult to gather the evidences regarding the effects of different tax cuts on the saving rates, as most of the evidences do not indicate the proper response of savings to the increased after-tax return on asset. Marriage Penalties and Bonuses According to this particular concept, the married couple treated as the single tax unit under the federal individual taxation system violates the principle of the marriage neutrality. It is based on the evidence regarding the increased payment of income tax as a married couple than they would have paid as two unmarried singles. This particular scenario leads to the marriage tax penalty. On the similar manner, some other evidences suggest that other married couples pay less amount of income tax than they would have paid as two unmarried singles (Willis Boyd, 1992). This particular scenario on the other side leads to a marriage tax bonus incident. The overall scenario thus viewed as the violation of the principle related to the horizontal equality and due to that the individuals with the equal income should need to have the similar tax burdens. Considering the in-depth research, the factor known as the earned income tax credit (EITC) is the most significant structural factor which has its major impact on the marriage neutrality of the income tax. Also, the factor affects the marriage tax rate schedules, deductions for higher-income individuals, and the phase-out of credits. However, considering the instance of the current tax system, the individual tax payers, heads of the household, and the married couples are part of the different taxation system as they are subjected to the different type of tax schedules (Smith, 1994). Apart from that, it can also be observed that the amount of EITC and the phase-out ranges have their basic variations based on the number of dependents claimed. Due to the involvement and implication of these variations the presence of marriage tax bonuses and marriage tax penalties can be observed critically. Conclusion Within the overall section of this paper, the basic analysis to the key taxation rules and policies are analysed along with their effects on the different individual taxpayers within the current taxation field. One most viable conclusion has been raised from the scenario that the overall taxation rules and legislations are decorated and modified for the purpose strengthening the economy and increasing the competitiveness of the community (Smith Harmelink, 2003). Here competitiveness can be defined in various ways, but regardless of those various definitions, the standard economic analysis report suggests that different measures taken to modify the taxation can do very little to enhance the factor. Therefore, the fact leads to the definition of different tax provision to be able to improve the country performance with the inclusion of an enhanced competitiveness. References Brownlee, W. (1996).Federal taxation in America. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. Burman, L., Gale, W., Weiner, D. (1998).Six tax laws later. Washington, D.C.: Macroeconomic Analysis and Tax Analysis Divisions, Congressional Budget Office. Cummings, J. (2010).The Supreme Court's federal tax jurisprudence. Washington, DC: American Bar Association, Section on Taxation. Hudson, D., Lind, S. (1998).Federal income taxation. St. Paul, Minn: West Group. King, E. (1994).Transfer pricing and valuation in corporate taxation. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Markowitz, S., Grossman, M. (1998).The effects of alcohol regulation on physical child abuse. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Rose, M. (1983).Selected federal taxation statutes and regulations. St. Paul, Minn.: West Pub. Co. Smith, E. (1994).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: CCH Inc. Smith, E. (2000).CCH federal taxation. Chicago: CCH Inc. Smith, E., Harmelink, P. (2002).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: CCH. Smith, E., Harmelink, P. (2003).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: CCH. Smith, E., Harmelink, P. (2005).CCH federal taxation. Chicago: CCH Inc. Smith, E., Harmelink, P., Hasselback, J. (2015).2016 CCH federal taxation. Chicago: Wolters Kluwer. Smith, E., Harmelink, P., Hasselback, J., Englebrecht, T. (2009).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: CCH. Smith, E., Harmelink, P., Hasselback, J., Englebrecht, T. (2014).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: Wolters Kluwer. Smith, E., Harmelink, P., Hasselback, J., Englebrecht, T. (2011).CCH federal taxation. Chicago, IL: CCH. Stein, M. (1994).The metamorphosis of a power base, sovereignty. Willis, E., Boyd, J. (1992).West's federal taxation. St. Paul: West Pub. Co.

Changes in Organisation

Question: Discuss the changes in organisation, structural changes and organisational culture. Answer: Introduction The analysis has been done in the Public Service Organisation. The organisation that has been chosen in this case is London City Police where I work and so I have observed certain issues which need to be changed in the sector as it is important for the citizens of the country, for the police and member and also for the authority of the government. London City Police provide wide security to the countrys people without any discrimination it plays various role in different ground like in controlling traffic and road safety as well defending the city from any kind of aggression. The role and responsibilities which London City Police which have to perform every day with new challenges is very much complicated and so it is important to bring certain improvements which the organisation needs to do for working more efficiently and effectively. So, with the analysis it is possible to identify what are the requirement for changes and what things need to be improved and then the impact of the changes over the public sector organisation. Several recommendations have been made after completing research about London City Police. The recommendations are given in favour of the London City Police as it will cause benefit to the organisation as well as the country and citizens. (Police.london.ca, 2015) Changes in organisation The changes which are essential to be done in the sector and the impact of those changes in the organisation has been demonstrated and analysed through the help of the pest analysis. Pest analysis helps to find out the frame work of the organisation as well as the changes and its impact can also be discussed in accurate ways to bring important and correct changes (Essayturf.com, 2015) While analysing all these factors, it is possible to bring out the complete changes which are required to be done and also the impact of the changes can be analysed through this PEST analysis. Political changes- It is important for the entire organisation to get the chance of working liberally but if any political domination will occur then it will affect the services and that is what happening with our public sector services. As it is a public sector services so it is getting hampered tremendously with political pressure which is required to be stopped immediately. With the change of government of the country, it is possible that there can be changes in the systems but being a public sector which has the responsibility to work for the good of the country and it citizens this is unbearable to accept such dominating pressure or changes with the change of government because it is affecting the completely to police services badly. There is no specific law which has dominated the organisation but over all political system is affecting it in some way (Police, 2015). An organisation, which is providing safety and security to country and each citizen of the country, must be independent with their work and services so there is need of change so that the organisation and the police and other authority can work free but it is also important that the police of the city must not take wrong decisions. However, government must look over the work but in a positive term and should not try to control. This change is required to provide better and equal service to all the individual of the country. With this change there is a big impact over the services of our London police as with no political pressure the organisation is now able to work more freely and so the citizens are getting better services but yes, of course there is an authority which has been selected by the government which look over the organisation so that the organisation must not get the absolute power but with the initiative of this changes for the organisation politically now there is great opportunities and so the system of London police is now more stable than the previous and so the police of the city can perform their duties more efficiently. (Victorianlondon.org, 2015) Economic changes- The United Kingdom controlled an expanded financial system. The British monetary system displays the description of a mixed structure, amalgamating market centre description with some collectivist description. Monetary fact is the major point to hold on the administration efficiently when economy of the administration will not supervise appropriately and if it does not get the proper attention and process for managing it then the organisation can face trouble. Our organisation need to improve their economical process so that the London city police must get the accurate support for various reasons different financial issues are also creating problem in services the need of appropriate equipments or facilities to complete the duties on time. There is another requirement of immediate changes in economic circumstances in the organisation so that the police of the city must get the equipment as well as the proper economical support so that they can perform their duties. Providing appropriate salary on time to every police will help them to get motivated and thereby they will provide better services to the organisation as well. Proper financial or economic strategy is important. The tax payment processes etc. things should be handled in correct manner. (Anon, 2015) Economic changes will create wide impact on the organisation as it is very important for London Police to have proper fund in organisation for obtaining required equipment and arms as well as proper salary distribution in order to motivate them to give better services towards the organisation and to the citizens. With rising challenges and problem in country the London Police should become alert to fight from all kind of problems with new armaments. With accurate method of operating finance of the organisation, the system becomes more improved and stable. Social changes- It is the duty of London City Police to look after the societys requirement and their perspective because the service which we provide in our organisation is mainly for the countrys safety and security. The London city police must look for the changes required socially in the sector as with the change of generation there must bring some changes in the process of their work. As society is changing rapidly and so the safety of society is important but should need the change in process of providing safety and security and to obtain peace in the city. To make the society satisfied, it is important to observe their requirement in order to ensure what changes is required to be brought in the process of services and should use the advance process which can make the services better. The increasing population is increasing the responsibilities of the police of the country so that they must prepare them for all the challenges (Cityoflondon.police.uk, 2015). There is an essential requirement to bring changes in method of the working and should think of the requirements and expectations of the citizen what they keep with us. It is very important to bring vital changes as the society is changing rapidly and becoming more advance. Hence, it has the expectations of more better and quick services from us and if the organisation and we the member and the authority of the city police will fail to do so then the trust of the citizen from the organisation and its services will be withdrawn. Society makes or breaks any organisation or political parties and thus it is important to work according to the needs and desires of the society. The impact of changes in social factor has made the organisation more efficient as now citizens are more satisfied and happy with the work and process of operating all the problems and complaints of people. At the same time, method of providing service has been changed and is now engaged in creating good impression on the public. So, with the impact of the changes it is possible to handle the over populated area as well as the emerging issues (Law.jrank.org, 2015). Technological changes- With the rapid change in society and technology even our organisation need to change its technological stuffs and tools. With advance technology, telecommunication has become easier. It will help to provide correct information and quick distribution to every police on one time and are also easy so it is important to have a better technological use for rapid and advance work. In our organisation, we are still using the old process and technology which required changes for better performance of the organisation as well as for the better performance of the police in providing services to the citizens. With better and advance technology it will be quicker to solve the issues as well to provide the services more on time and fast.(Anon, 2015) The changes are important and can bring more positive outcome to the organisation but it is important for the organisation to adapt the advance process which can make their work easier. There is always scope of new approaches and our organisation need to accept those views in positive aspects and should improve the efficiency of the police by giving advance technology and train them so that they can use it appropriately. With the information technology it has become possible to take account and address all complaints on time and to keep records for all the services and also keeping records of the citizen. The impact of the changes in technology in our organisation helps the London city police to improve their service in better way and reduce the chances of mistakes and also help them to reduce any kind of crime. With advance technology the citizens fell safe and secured and are able to enjoy better service they needed in time. Furthermore, work pressures are now manageable by using new techniques and gadgets. (Cityoflondon.police.uk, 2015) Structural changes Structural change is vital to create fresh forms of effective organisations. With the term structure we indicate the frameworks in which all the progression is explained. With structure it is possible to constraint that what thinking can be tolerable, sensible, suitable or logical opinion of a condition. With the analysis it has been found that there are changes which has been taken place in the structure of the organisation through which some of the old police staff has found better position with their effort and hard work and some of the inefficient members has been terminated and of course there is a wide changes in management and in the work and services process of the London city police. The schedule of work and the other stuffs as well has been changed. Now every team has been provided with new armament and modern gadgets for better performance for the citizens. The head authority who take charge of all and maintain a disciplinary system in the organisation through which the wo rk and services are more systematic and maintain the rules and the regulations of the organisations and different duties are also distributed and according to the department all are asked to complete their task in their department. The structure of the department has also been changed. (BBC News, 2015) For this organisation, centralisation is not good. In case if extreme centralisation took place in London city police then the local imitative can be reduced and this is considered to be important to fulfil the requirements of citizens. The public service organisations are mostly decentralizing and local initiative is vital for satisfying and protecting the citizens. With diversified changes in organisation, the level of city police has increased and now the roles which they are provided makes their work effective. Now with changes, police are able to provide more security and protection the country and they are able to monitor the area from place with the advance technology but may it not be the reducing process of cost but it also do not led to exceeds the cost in spite of that it do control the cost exercises with the correct use of technology and with the appropriate changes in structure of the organisation. With these changes in organisation, the efficiency of the police and the sector has been now more improved and more capable to satisfy the country. With the changes in department, city police are more delegates with all. The outcomes of the entire changes have been identified in positive aspects. The evidences have proved the decline of the issues in the city and people are safer now to travel and work at any place and any time. The organisation and the work level have also developed and with these it can be proved that the changes outcome is very much positive (Cityoflondon.gov.uk, 2015). Organisational culture Organisational culture is the activities of humans under the organisation and the implication that individual connect to those activities. Foresight, principles, custom, system, symbols, dialect, supposition, values and habit all are involved in the organisations culture. Organisational cultural influence the process of individual and groups cooperate with each other, with clients. Charles Handys approach can be related to the situation of our organisation Handys approach can be used as an example for the analysis. He has illustrated four types of culture. Power culture: With this culture it means that the power is distributed among small group and controlled by the authority with a specific centre as like web. Similarly, in our organisation the powers are distributed to the different departments and the authority control the overall system by having complete power just like a web. (Anon, 2015) Role culture: Powers that be allocated as like within vastly distinct structure. With this our organisation have consistent system has become very expected with their workforce. Task culture: This culture helps to solve the issues by forming different teams. In our organisation, this culture is very useful as with different small teams the specific problems get solved by skilled and trained police.(Holdaway, 2013) Person culture: To control the view of being the supreme than the organisation, this culture has been formed. This help London city police to maintain a positive relation and providing safety to all. By referring to Charles Handy, it has been found out that it is the relevant example for this analysis as the organisation is following this theory to deal with the organisational problems and to make better outcomes from the several changes. The types of culture are the relevant examples for the public sector organisation as the organisation is referring with this theory. (Anon, 2015) Motivation In general, the fundamental perspective of the motivation is somewhat like this: Needs- behaviour- satisfaction If this will be illustrated then the basic view will be that everyone has certain needs which they want to fulfil and for that purpose they had to develop some behaviour and this led this to make them satisfied. Our organisation need to motivate the police of the London City and the member or superior authority of the organisation as for better outcome in the work it is important to be motivated for better work and for hard work all need motive to work for the organisation this process work in favour of organisations for better result in terms of more quick service of the police as complaints are solving more rapidly as well as the traffic problem is now better in under proper execution, etc.(Cityoflondon.police.uk, 2015) Before the changes and improvement there were certain issues in motivational structure in the organisation as because with no motivation the productivity becomes low and it is possible that the commitment towards their work and organisation can be ignored and also lose the loyalty for the organisation and this led to poor quality of the services. Maslows theory of motivation is relevant with this analysis and as the theory illustrate the need of the individual which is important to motivate everyone for those work are: Self-actualization, esteem, belongings, safety, physiological, these are the basic requirements an individual can ask and can get motivated from for better work. According to the organisations situation, these needs are relevant to the analysis as in the organisation the police of the city need self-actualization which consists of training and advancement of police. It is also important to provide self-esteem through which they can recognize their responsibilities, belongings where they learn to work in team for the organisation, safety where every member of the organisation asks for job security and work safety in the workplace, physiological through which they expects their salary which must satisfy their need as well as appreciation for their brave work and unconditional effort for the society. Every individual needs these basic requirements to be fulfilled and if they will get these needs to be satisfied in the workplace they will be motivate and will perform better and will be loyal to the organisation. (International Business Times UK, 2011) Conclusion The study has been done in the public service organisation and the organisation is London City Police with this analysis certain issues has been identified which need to be changed or improved in the organisation as it is important for the citizens as well as for the police and also for the country. Structural change is also fundamental point to create innovative forms of effective management. The ending of the entire changes has been recognized in the constructive aspects as the evidences are the enlargement of the security peace in city. By referring to Charles Handy and associating this condition, it has been found out that it is the relevant example for this examination as the establishment. Then the organisational cultural also demonstrated that different types of culture are the relevant examples for the public sector organisation. All human being desires these basic wants and with these changes and initiatives the organisation is on the process of satisfying their citizens and also to their police and motivating them to perform better (Content.met.police.uk, 2015). Recommendation It has been recommended to the London city police that if they follow the upgrade technology and according to the different theory those were relevant to the analysis if the organisation get success to motivate their staff and members of the organisation then the organisation can be able to achieve its goals. It is important to motivate the police as well, the first recommendation which the organisation has to follow and secondly it is important for the organisation to change the structure.(Anon, 2015) The reason why these changes and improvements are required is that by motivating them the service and protection of the country can be improve that means better quality of services in the organisation and hard-working police increased. And the significance of changing the structure is that the overall system of city police will get more develops. It is the responsibility of the highest authority to implement the advices over organisation for better outcome. (Anon, 2015) References Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.londonchamber.co.uk/docimages/754.pdf [Accessed 25 Jun. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/Police%20technology%20report%20-%20Final%20version.pdf [Accessed 25 Jun. 2015]. Anon, (2015). 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